Diabetic foot is one of the most serious complications of diabetes and a leading cause of amputation worldwide. The good news is that many amputations can be avoided with early detection and the right treatment.
Why is the foot affected in diabetes?
Two problems usually combine:
- Nerve damage: reduced feeling, so a wound may go unnoticed.
- Poor circulation: narrowed or blocked leg arteries deliver less blood to a wound, so it heals slowly.
Signs that need urgent assessment
- A wound or ulcer that does not improve within one to two weeks.
- Toes turning blue or black.
- One foot colder than the other.
- Calf pain on walking that eases with rest, or foot pain at night.
- Redness, swelling, pus or smell from a wound.
Any change in toe colour or a non-healing wound in a person with diabetes needs a circulation assessment without delay: time is critical in saving the limb.
How is it assessed?
Assessment starts with checking foot pulses and the ankle-brachial index, then an arterial Doppler. A CT angiogram or diagnostic angiography may be needed to locate blockages.
The role of endovascular treatment
In many cases blocked arteries can be opened with a balloon, and sometimes a stent, through a small puncture without open surgery. Restoring blood flow to the foot is what allows wounds to heal and amputation to be avoided or limited.
Daily foot care
- Check your feet every day, using a mirror or a family member's help.
- Never walk barefoot, and choose comfortable shoes.
- Keep your blood sugar under control.
- Stopping smoking is one of the most important steps to protect your arteries.
Content on this website is for awareness only and does not replace a specialist medical examination.