Varicose veins are enlarged, twisted veins, usually in the legs, caused by weak valves inside the veins. They are not only cosmetic: they can cause pain and swelling, and if neglected may lead to skin changes or ulcers.
Symptoms
- Heavy, aching legs, worse at the end of the day
- Ankle swelling
- Night cramps and itching around the veins
- Skin discolouration or hardening near the ankle
- Non-healing ulcers on the lower leg
Causes & risk factors
- Genetics and family history
- Long hours of standing or sitting
- Pregnancy and excess weight
- Age
Diagnosis
The key test is a colour Doppler ultrasound of the leg veins. It shows exactly where blood is flowing backwards, and the treatment plan for each leg is built on that result.
Treatment options
Endovenous laser
A thin fibre is passed into the faulty vein through a needle puncture under local anaesthetic and seals it from inside.
Radiofrequency ablation
A catheter seals the vein with heat: a minimally invasive alternative to traditional surgery.
Foam or liquid sclerotherapy
Suitable for smaller veins and visible thread veins.
Compression stockings
Relieve symptoms and are used alongside or after treatment.
After treatment
Most modern vein procedures are done as day cases. Patients walk straight away and usually return to work within a few days, wearing compression stockings for a period set by the doctor.
Frequently asked questions
Do varicose veins come back after treatment?
New veins can appear over time because the tendency remains, but a treated vein is closed permanently. Follow-up and a healthy lifestyle reduce the chance of new veins.
Is laser treatment painful?
It is done under local anaesthetic; most patients feel only mild discomfort and can walk immediately afterwards.
Are varicose veins dangerous?
Most are not dangerous, but they can cause symptoms, skin changes and ulcers over time, so a Doppler assessment is worthwhile.
Content on this website is for awareness only and does not replace a specialist medical examination.