Vascular malformations are abnormal growths of blood or lymphatic vessels, present from birth or appearing later. Types vary widely, so treatment depends on an accurate diagnosis of the type.
Symptoms
- Swelling or a blue or red mass under the skin
- Pain or heaviness in the area
- Growth with exertion or over time
- Bleeding in some types
Causes & risk factors
- An error in vessel formation during development
- Usually present from birth and may grow with age
Diagnosis
The type is defined by Doppler and MRI, showing whether it is venous, arterial or lymphatic, and how far it extends.
Treatment options
Sclerotherapy
Injecting an agent into the malformation under imaging guidance to shrink it.
Embolisation
Blocking the feeding vessels of arterial malformations through a catheter.
Surgery
In selected cases, sometimes combined with sclerotherapy.
After treatment
Treatment may need more than one session depending on size, with imaging follow-up.
Frequently asked questions
Is a vascular malformation cancer?
No. They are not malignant, but they need accurate diagnosis and follow-up.
Is it one session?
Several sessions may be needed depending on type and size.
Can it be treated without surgery?
Many cases are treated by sclerotherapy or embolisation without open surgery.
Content on this website is for awareness only and does not replace a specialist medical examination.